How to Handle Common Plumbing Issues Like Leaks and Clogs

Plumbing problems can pop up unexpectedly, but many can be managed quickly if you know what to look for. Addressing issues early helps prevent water damage, mold, and expensive repairs. Below is a simple guide for handling the most common household plumbing issues.

1. How to Handle Common Leaks

A. Dripping Faucets

Cause: Worn-out washers, O-rings, or cartridges.
How to Fix:

Turn off the water supply under the sink.
Plug the drain so small parts don’t fall in.
Disassemble the faucet handle.
Replace worn washers or cartridges (usually inexpensive).
Reassemble and test.

When to call a pro: If the faucet is older or the leak persists after replacing parts.

B. Leaky Pipes (Under Sinks or in Basements)

Cause: Loose connections, worn seals, or pipe corrosion.
Temporary Fix:

Tighten slip nuts if it’s a drain leak.
Use plumber’s tape (Teflon tape) on threaded connections.
For minor pinhole leaks, use a pipe repair clamp or epoxy putty as a short-term fix.

Permanent Fix: Replace damaged sections of pipe.

When to call a pro:

If the leak is behind a wall or ceiling
If you see signs of corrosion or recurring leaks
If the pipe is PVC or copper and you're not comfortable cutting/repairing it

C. Toilet Leaks

Cause: Worn flapper, faulty fill valve, or loose tank bolts.
How to Fix:

Replace the flapper if the toilet runs constantly.
Adjust or replace the fill valve.
Tighten tank-to-bowl bolts carefully (not too tight—porcelain can crack).

When to call a pro: Water leaking at the base of the toilet (may indicate a bad wax ring).

2. How to Handle Common Clogs

A. Sink and Bathroom Drain Clogs

Cause: Hair, soap residue, grease, or food scraps.
DIY Fixes:

Boiling water (kitchen sinks only; not for toilets).
Plunger: Create a strong seal and pump firmly.
Drain snake (hand auger): Removes hair or debris.
Clean the P-trap (under the sink)—place a bucket first.

Avoid: Chemical drain cleaners—they damage pipes over time.

When to call a pro: Repeated slow drains or clogs deep in the wall line.

B. Toilet Clogs

Cause: Toilet paper buildup or flushed items that shouldn’t go down.
DIY Fixes:

Use a flange plunger: Better seal than standard cup plungers.
Add hot water + dish soap: Helps break down clogs.
Use a toilet auger: Designed specifically for toilets.

When to call a pro:

If you suspect a foreign object (toy, wipes, plastic).
Frequent clogs, which may indicate sewer line issues.

C. Shower or Tub Clogs

Cause: Hair and soap scum.
DIY Fixes:

Remove the drain cover and pull out hair with a drain tool.
Use a plunger if the water is pooled.
Flush with hot water afterward.

When to call a pro: If the clog persists after removing obvious debris.

3. Low Water Pressure

Cause: Mineral buildup, partially closed valves, clogged aerators.
DIY Fixes:

Unscrew faucet aerators and soak them in vinegar.
Make sure the main water valve is fully open.
Check for supply line kinks.

When to call a pro: Low pressure affecting the entire home—could be a main line or regulator issue.

4. Running Toilets

Cause: Faulty flapper, chain, or fill valve.
DIY Fixes:

Adjust or replace the flapper (most common).
Ensure the chain isn’t too tight or too loose.
Replace the fill valve if water runs constantly.

When to call a pro: If water is leaking into the bowl despite new parts.

5. Slow Draining Sinks or Tubs

Cause: Partial clogs.
DIY Fixes:

Remove and clean the stopper.
Use a small drain snake.
Rinse with hot water afterward.

When to call a pro: Repeated slow drains may indicate a larger blockage.

When to Call a Plumber Immediately

A burst pipe
Sudden loss of water pressure
Sewage backup
Water stains on ceilings or walls
Persistent leaks behind finished surfaces
Major drain line clogs affecting multiple fixtures

Preventing Future Plumbing Issues

Don’t pour grease down drains.
Use drain screens in tubs and showers.
Inspect supply lines yearly.
Flush water heaters annually to reduce sediment.
Replace aging fixtures before they fail.